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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | pot͡ɕkaltem | om pot͡ɕkalte |
| 2SG: | pot͡ɕkaltet | ot pot͡ɕkalte |
| 3SG: | pot͡ɕkalta | ok/ogeʃ pot͡ɕkalte |
| 1PL: | pot͡ɕkaltena | ona/ogəna pot͡ɕkalte |
| 2PL: | pot͡ɕkalteda | oda/ogəda pot͡ɕkalte |
| 3PL: | pot͡ɕkaltat | ogət pot͡ɕkalte |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | pot͡ɕkaltəʃəm | ʃəm pot͡ɕkalte |
| 2SG: | pot͡ɕkaltəʃət͡ɕ | ʃət͡ɕ pot͡ɕkalte |
| 3SG: | pot͡ɕkaltəʃ | əʃ pot͡ɕkalte |
| 1PL: | pot͡ɕkaltəʃna | əʃna pot͡ɕkalte |
| 2PL: | pot͡ɕkaltəʃda | əʃda pot͡ɕkalte |
| 3PL: | pot͡ɕkaltəʃt | əʃt pot͡ɕkalte |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | pot͡ɕkaltenam | pot͡ɕkalten oməl |
| 2SG: | pot͡ɕkaltenat | pot͡ɕkalten otəl |
| 3SG: | pot͡ɕkalten | pot͡ɕkalten ogəl |
| 1PL: | pot͡ɕkaltenːa | pot͡ɕkalten onal/ogənal |
| 2PL: | pot͡ɕkaltenda | pot͡ɕkalten odal/ogədal |
| 3PL: | pot͡ɕkaltenət | pot͡ɕkalten ogətəl |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | pot͡ɕkaltem əʎe | om pot͡ɕkalte əʎe |
| 2SG: | pot͡ɕkaltet əʎe | ot pot͡ɕkalte əʎe |
| 3SG: | pot͡ɕkalta əʎe | ok/ogeʃ pot͡ɕkalte əʎe |
| 1PL: | pot͡ɕkaltena əʎe | ona/ogəna pot͡ɕkalte əʎe |
| 2PL: | pot͡ɕkalteda əʎe | oda/ogəda pot͡ɕkalte əʎe |
| 3PL: | pot͡ɕkaltat əʎe | ogət pot͡ɕkalte əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | pot͡ɕkaltem ulmaʃ | om pot͡ɕkalte ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | pot͡ɕkaltet ulmaʃ | ot pot͡ɕkalte ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | pot͡ɕkalta ulmaʃ | ok/ogeʃ pot͡ɕkalte ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | pot͡ɕkaltena ulmaʃ | ona/ogəna pot͡ɕkalte ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | pot͡ɕkalteda ulmaʃ | oda/ogəda pot͡ɕkalte ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | pot͡ɕkaltat ulmaʃ | ogət pot͡ɕkalte ulmaʃ |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | pot͡ɕkaltenam əʎe | pot͡ɕkalten oməl əʎe |
| 2SG: | pot͡ɕkaltenat əʎe | pot͡ɕkalten otəl əʎe |
| 3SG: | pot͡ɕkalten əʎe | pot͡ɕkalten ogəl əʎe |
| 1PL: | pot͡ɕkaltenːa əʎe | pot͡ɕkalten onal/ogənal əʎe |
| 2PL: | pot͡ɕkaltenda əʎe | pot͡ɕkalten odal/ogədal əʎe |
| 3PL: | pot͡ɕkalten əʎe | pot͡ɕkalten ogətəl əʎe |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | pot͡ɕkaltenam ulmaʃ | pot͡ɕkalten oməl ulmaʃ |
| 2SG: | pot͡ɕkaltenat ulmaʃ | pot͡ɕkalten otəl ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | pot͡ɕkalten ulmaʃ | pot͡ɕkalten ogəl ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | pot͡ɕkaltenːa ulmaʃ | pot͡ɕkalten onal/ogənal ulmaʃ |
| 2PL: | pot͡ɕkaltenda ulmaʃ | pot͡ɕkalten odal/ogədal ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | pot͡ɕkalten ulmaʃ | pot͡ɕkalten ogətəl ulmaʃ |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | pot͡ɕkalte | it pot͡ɕkalte |
| 3SG: | pot͡ɕkaltəʒe | ənʒe pot͡ɕkalte |
| 1PL: | (pot͡ɕkaltena) | (ona/ogəna pot͡ɕkalte) |
| 2PL: | pot͡ɕkaltəza | ida pot͡ɕkalte |
| 3PL: | pot͡ɕkaltəʃt | ənəʃt pot͡ɕkalte |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | pot͡ɕkaltənem | ənem pot͡ɕkalte |
| 2SG: | pot͡ɕkaltənet | ənet pot͡ɕkalte |
| 3SG: | pot͡ɕkaltəneʒe | əneʒ pot͡ɕkalte |
| 1PL: | pot͡ɕkaltənena | ənena pot͡ɕkalte |
| 2PL: | pot͡ɕkaltəneda | əneda pot͡ɕkalte |
| 3PL: | pot͡ɕkaltəneʃt | əneʃt pot͡ɕkalte |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | pot͡ɕkaltənem əʎe | ənem pot͡ɕkalte əʎe |
| 2SG: | pot͡ɕkaltənena əʎe | ənet pot͡ɕkalte əʎe |
| 3SG: | pot͡ɕkaltəneʒe əʎe | əneʒ pot͡ɕkalte əʎe |
| 1PL: | pot͡ɕkaltənena əʎe | ənena pot͡ɕkalte əʎe |
| 2PL: | pot͡ɕkaltəneda əʎe | əneda pot͡ɕkalte əʎe |
| 3PL: | pot͡ɕkaltəneʃt əʎe | əneʃt pot͡ɕkalte əʎe |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | pot͡ɕkaltənet ulmaʃ | ənet pot͡ɕkalte ulmaʃ |
| 3SG: | pot͡ɕkaltəneʒe ulmaʃ | əneʒ pot͡ɕkalte ulmaʃ |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | pot͡ɕkaltəneda ulmaʃ | əneda pot͡ɕkalte ulmaʃ |
| 3PL: | pot͡ɕkaltəneʃt ulmaʃ | əneʃt pot͡ɕkalte ulmaʃ |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | pot͡ɕkaltaʃ |
| Necessitive infinitive: | pot͡ɕkaltəman |
| Active participle: | pot͡ɕkaltəʃe |
| Passive participle: | pot͡ɕkaltəme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | pot͡ɕkaltəʃaʃ |
| Negative participle: | pot͡ɕkaltədəme |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | pot͡ɕkalten |
| Negative gerund: | pot͡ɕkaltəde |
| Gerund of prior action: | pot͡ɕkaltəmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | pot͡ɕkaltəmeʃ(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | pot͡ɕkaltəʃəla |
| Nominalization: | pot͡ɕkaltəmaʃ |
| Negative nominalization: | pot͡ɕkaltədəmaʃ |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||